There are countless irreversible human tissue and organ injuries caused by various accidents, sports or diseases, it is generally reconstructed using materials such as metals/polymer/ceramics/animal tissue. However, these materials can lead to blood clotting or hemolysis risks caused by blood reactions, or immune rejection-to-death risks caused by cellular and humoral reactions. Tissue reactions after transplantation usually cause inflammation, pain, fever, and the risk of cancer. Patients need to take drugs (immunosuppressants, anticoagulants, anti-inflammatory painkillers, etc.). In addition, after the material is implanted, due to humoral immersion/bone or muscle friction, loosening, deformation, and corrosion decomposition may occur, the material must be removed by surgery. Even so, small-caliber blood vessels, esophagus, trachea, etc. have not been produced so far, and countless patients have not been able to receive proper clinical treatment, would die after suffering severe pain.

     Faced with these problems, we developed a bionic regenerative material by imitating human tissues with soluble collagen as the main component,  the regenerative material are highly similar to autologous tissue, which can be used to repair defective tissues or organs, and patients do not need to take drugs such as immunosuppressive or anticoagulant drugs.